Monoteisme

El monoteisme (del Grec μόνος "únic" i θεός "déu") és la creença que només hi ha una deïtat, un ésser suprem que es coneix universalment com a Déu,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] sovint amb els dons de l'omnisciència, omnipotència i omnipresència. Avui en dia el concepte acostuma a estar dominat per les religions abrahàmiques i es contraposa a altres tradicions com el politeisme (incloent-hi l'henoteisme) o el panteisme.

En la mitologia egípcia antiga ja es practicava el monoteisme sota el déu solar Aton instaurat pel faraó Amenhotep IV (després anomenat Akhenaten, el que agrada a Aton). Altres elements del pensament monoteista es troben a les primeres religions com el zoroastrisme, l'atenisme, l'antiga religió xinesa i el jahvisme.^[1]^[8]^[9]

El monoteisme caracteritza les tradicions de la fe babí, la fe bahá'í, el cheondoisme, el cristianisme^[10] el deisme, el drusisme,^[11] l'eckankar, algunes sectes de l'hinduisme (com el xaivisme i el vixnuisme), el iazidisme, l'islam, el judaisme, el mandeisme, el rastafari, el seicho-no-Ie, el sikhisme i el tenrikyo.

Malgrat la definició del terme algunes religions poden incorporar variacions quant a la unicitat de la divinitat. La majoria dels cristians accepten el concepte de la Santíssima Trinitat en el qual Déu es troba englobat en tres persones (el Pare, el Fill i l'Esperit Sant). També els catòlics veneren els Sants que malgrat no ser divinitats si creuen que poden intercedir en la vida dels humans.

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 «Monotheism». A: Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑ «monotheism». Oxford Dictionaries. Arxivat de l'original el 9 gener 2017.
↑ «Monotheism». A: .
↑ «monotheism». Cambridge Dictionary.
↑ Monotheism. Hutchinson Encyclopedia (12th edition), p. 644.
↑ Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ William Wainwright. «Monotheism». A: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2018.
↑ Hayes, Christine. «Understanding Biblical Monotheism». A: Introduction to the Bible. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012, p. 15-28. ISBN 9780300181791.
↑
Referències:
- A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as 'People of the Book'. The Journal of Hindu Studies, Oxford University Press, June McDaniel – 2013, doi:10.1093/jhs/hit030
- Zoroastrian Studies: The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs, 1928 – Page 31, A. V. Williams Jackson – 2003
- Global Institutions of Religion: Ancient Movers, Modern Shakers – Page 88, Katherine Marshall – 2013
- Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia – Page 348, James B. Minahan – 2012
- Introduction To Sikhism – Page 15, Gobind Singh Mansukhani – 1993
- The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions – Page 95, Richard Wolff – 2007
- Focus: Arrogance and Greed, America's Cancer – Page 102, Jim Gray – 2012
↑ Christianity's status as monotheistic is affirmed in, among other sources, the Catholic Encyclopedia (article "Monotheism"); William F. Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity; H. Richard Niebuhr; The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Monotheism; The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, monotheism; New Dictionary of Theology, Paul Arxivat 2018-07-04 a Wayback Machine., pp. 496–499; Meconi. "Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity". pp. 111ff.
↑ Obeid, Anis. The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid. Syracuse University Press, 2006, p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8156-5257-1 [Consulta: 27 maig 2017].

[EncyclopædiaBritannica-1] 1,0 ^1,1 «Monotheism». A: Encyclopædia Britannica.

[2] «monotheism». Oxford Dictionaries. Arxivat de l'original el 9 gener 2017.

[3] «Monotheism». A: .

[4] «monotheism». Cambridge Dictionary.

[5] Monotheism. Hutchinson Encyclopedia (12th edition), p. 644.

[odccmono-6] Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[7] William Wainwright. «Monotheism». A: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2018.

[Hayes_2012-8] Hayes, Christine. «Understanding Biblical Monotheism». A: Introduction to the Bible. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012, p. 15-28. ISBN 9780300181791.

[9] Referències:
A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as 'People of the Book'. The Journal of Hindu Studies, Oxford University Press, June McDaniel – 2013, doi:10.1093/jhs/hit030

Zoroastrian Studies: The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs, 1928 – Page 31, A. V. Williams Jackson – 2003

Global Institutions of Religion: Ancient Movers, Modern Shakers – Page 88, Katherine Marshall – 2013

Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia – Page 348, James B. Minahan – 2012

Introduction To Sikhism – Page 15, Gobind Singh Mansukhani – 1993

The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions – Page 95, Richard Wolff – 2007

Focus: Arrogance and Greed, America's Cancer – Page 102, Jim Gray – 2012

[10] A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as 'People of the Book'. The Journal of Hindu Studies, Oxford University Press, June McDaniel – 2013, doi:10.1093/jhs/hit030

[11] Zoroastrian Studies: The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs, 1928 – Page 31, A. V. Williams Jackson – 2003

[12] Global Institutions of Religion: Ancient Movers, Modern Shakers – Page 88, Katherine Marshall – 2013

[13] Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia – Page 348, James B. Minahan – 2012

[14] Introduction To Sikhism – Page 15, Gobind Singh Mansukhani – 1993

[15] The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions – Page 95, Richard Wolff – 2007

[16] Focus: Arrogance and Greed, America's Cancer – Page 102, Jim Gray – 2012

[Monotheism-10] Christianity's status as monotheistic is affirmed in, among other sources, the Catholic Encyclopedia (article "Monotheism"); William F. Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity; H. Richard Niebuhr; The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Monotheism; The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, monotheism; New Dictionary of Theology, Paul Arxivat 2018-07-04 a Wayback Machine., pp. 496–499; Meconi. "Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity". pp. 111ff.

[Druze-11] Obeid, Anis. The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid. Syracuse University Press, 2006, p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8156-5257-1 [Consulta: 27 maig 2017].

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